The Pub Talk

Underarm Laser Hair Removal: What You Need To Know

Armpit prepping patterns generally appear to be in transition — once in a while armpit hair is chic, and in some cases it’s censured. Whatever the ongoing style, in the event that you could do without having armpit hair, then, at that point, proficient underarm laser hair removal is a brilliant method for managing undesirable armpit hair. Over the long haul, the expense of underarm laser hair removal Birmingham works out to be a lot of lower than ceaseless wax meetings forever, and the natural expense of dispensable plastic razors. To assist you with understanding that laser hair removal is the best long haul answer for managing undesirable armpit hair, we’ve arranged underarm hair removal tips and data for you to look further into the advantages of underarm laser hair removal.

‍Advantages Of Laser Hair Removal Underarms

Ladies and men both endure similarly with regards to undesirable hair on the body. Focusing on laser medicines implies super durable hair removal; no love lost to tedious shaving, culling, or waxing. Week by week, and, surprisingly, day to day armpit shaving is a significant disturbance, as well as a ceaseless task. Now is the right time to sincerely commit to long-lasting hair removal women and gentlemen. Laser hair removal on the body is profoundly fruitful and powerful. Laser medicines target effectively developing hair to create the best outcomes: the laser gadget warms the entire hair shaft which debilitates the hair follicle making it separate from the shaft, thus hair won’t recover in the laser treated region

‍What Concerns Are There With Armpit Hair Removal

We should scatter any worries you could have about underarm laser hair removal, beginning with complexion concerns. Could laser hair removal at any point ease up underarms? Presently, this isn’t really something terrible, as the underarm region can frequently look more obscure or stained with hair stubble. You may be shocked to discover that the use of hot wax can cause gentle irritation prompting dull underarms, a valid justification to change to laser hair removal for the underarms and other delicate region of the body. Laser hair removal of the armpits might make a lighter tone by eliminating the hair and follicles from under the skin. Thus, in reply to the inquiry, does laser hair removal dispose of dull underarms?, it makes some difference. Are dim underarms after laser hair removal a thing? At times, the underarm region might obscure briefly after laser treatment. Another variable that assumes a part is whether you keep away from sun openness previously or after a laser treatment. To forestall obscuring, keep away from sun openness and sunbeds for around 4 a month and a half before your laser treatment. Keeping away from sun openness after treatment is likewise best. Your skincare supplier and laser hair removal expert will give you an aftercare intend to follow. Furthermore, as we addressed above about, does laser hair removal eliminate dim underarms?, laser hair removal medicines can assist with the easing up of the armpit region.

Starting your Accountancy Career

Need to begin your vocation in aat training provider Bookkeeping however feel overpowered?

We get it! With such a lot of data out there, it tends to be difficult to sort out how you can begin your excursion such that suits you and your way of life. In any case, simply relax, we can help you!

Around here at Bookkeeping Learning, we offer everything from Establishment Accounting to Proficient Bookkeeping, so whether you’re new to the universe of bookkeeping and hoping to begin your bookkeeping vocation or an expert who as of now works in finance yet might want to expand your insight and abilities with a notable capability, we take care of you!

Right off the bat, where would you like to begin?

In the event that you have never concentrated on bookkeeping, we generally suggest beginning toward the start and ensuring you have all the essential information to ensure you succeed in your examinations. Be that as it may, assuming you as of now have some insight, you could get going at a more significant level.

In the event that you’re uncertain, don’t overreact! The AAT has a numerous decision test that you can take For nothing to assist you with sorting out which level is ideal for you in view of your abilities. You can track down the AAT Skillscheck here.

What backing is appropriate for you?

We comprehend that not every person is something similar and everybody works in an unexpected way, which is the reason we have three different review support bundles accessible for you to browse, these are:

Self-Concentrate EXTRA: Considering through our Self-Concentrate Additional bundle implies that you will have full admittance to all of our learning materials as well as replies to assist you with denoting your work. Assuming you stall out en route however for example with a point or study task, the main thing you can not do is to request that a mentor assist you with it! Nonetheless, fortunately you can move up to the coach upheld bundle whenever, depending on the situation.
Mentor Upheld: Understudies who select onto our Coach Upheld bundle is relegated with a devoted individual guide. Your own mentor is there to help, guide and mentor you during your course. Your guide will likewise stamp and give input on all the Advancement Tests and Practice Evaluations you submit to them – this is a crucial part of the course as it will assist both you and us with deciding when you are prepared to begin sitting your tests.
Guide Upheld In addition to: This bundle is the ‘comprehensive’ bundle. Thus, notwithstanding the course materials and limitless guide support, this bundle incorporates every one of the additional expenses, for example, AAT confirmation charges, test expenses, and test invigilation (organization) expenses. This bundle likewise incorporates the PassPlus Assurance!
In any case, which bundle is appropriate for you?

This is an inquiry that tragically, we can’t deal with serious consequences regarding you. You should tell the truth and ask yourself, will I really want somebody to give me a bit (or heaps) of direction, or might I at any point be self-roused and learn alone without checking the responses out? Your responses will affect what backing will be best for you, so tell the truth.

ROOFING COSTS CONTINUE TO RISE

We referenced in our last roofing commercial blog that material expenses are ascending in 2022, and truth be told have been ascending for a surprisingly long time. The ongoing pace of material cost increments has a great deal to do with roofing material costs that rose fundamentally because of Coronavirus in 2020 and 2021. In any case, now that we’re (ideally) on the last part of Coronavirus, you could feel that metal material expenses and other material arrangements would at long last descended in cost. Sadly, that truly hasn’t been the situation in 2022.

What’s prompting the ongoing flood of material expense increments, then, at that point? A lot of it boils down to the way that producers have needed to raise their costs for the material items they make, because of roofing material expense increments they’re looking on their end. Worldwide valuing factors incorporate continuous organic market issues, the lengthy monetary repercussions of Russia’s intrusion of Ukraine, and the way that fuel costs have now arrived at uncommon highs.

All in all, what will it cost me to supplant my rooftop in 2022?
That is an extraordinary inquiry, and there’s truly not one basic response. That truly relies on the specifics of your rooftop, and on whom you share with do the rooftop substitution work. In any case, to acquire point of view and knowledge around the response to this inquiry, you ought to likewise pose yourself a second significant inquiry: “What will it cost me in the event that I don’t feel free to spend the cash to supplant my rooftop now?”

Your rooftop is really one of the most essential lines of guard for your home or business structure. In the event that your ongoing rooftop isn’t taking care of its business appropriately, then, at that point, the expense of putting off a required rooftop substitution could turn out to be a lot higher than choosing to put resources into the right rooftop arrangement now!

How do you have any idea when it’s the ideal opportunity for a rooftop substitution?
You ought to begin by directing an exhaustive evaluation of your rooftop’s current condition. The previous you get any tricky rooftop issues, the more choices you’ll have for tending to them, and the better your possibilities will be of forestalling the development of a few additional difficult issues. What is it that you want to search for? Here are a few key designated spots:

• Harmed or Missing Outside Material
Any twisted, twisted, broken, split, free, or bare shingles should be supplanted. A similar applies to any harmed wood shakes, tiles, metal boards, or other roofing material you might have set up. What’s more, any noticeably uncovered underlayment or decking is certainly a warning you can’t disregard.

• Free Nails and Clasp
Search for any material nails or clasp which have sprung up, or are generally uncovered or free. Each is an expected wellspring of break improvement.

• Absent or Harmed Glimmering
Assuming you find any metal blazing that is free, consumed, rusted, or missing, that should be supplanted.

• Chimney stacks, Vents, Lookout windows, and Outer Elements
Breaks, harm, or inappropriate seals around any of these sorts of rooftop elements will probably prompt holes whenever left unattended.

Factors to Consider When Buying Plastic Storage Boxes For Drinks

When buying plastic storage boxes from https://plastic-storage-boxes.co.uk, there are a few important factors to consider for drink and alcohol storage. Choosing the right size to accommodate all of your drinks is important. Also, be sure to choose clear containers so you can easily see what you’re storing. They’re perfect for storing everything from pantry items to linens. You can use plastic storage boxes anywhere in your home, including the garage. They can even be used for crafts.

When purchasing plastic storage boxes, you should also consider the shape of the container. Some shapes are better suited for certain types of items. For example, a cube-shaped container is better suited for alcoholic drinks than a square one. It’s also important to measure the space where you’ll be storing the box and determine how much room it will require. Then, you can begin shopping for plastic storage boxes.

When you have your plastic storage boxes, be sure to check whether they’re recyclable. Most storage boxes are made from polypropylene, which is technically recyclable. Make sure to check the type of plastic before donating it to your local recycling center. Regardless of where you’re buying your boxes, plastic storage boxes are an economical, durable storage solution. And they’re also eco-friendly. In addition to being durable, plastic boxes also make great gifts for family members and friends.

You can buy plastic storage bins that come in different sizes and shapes. You can choose one with a large lid for your heavier items or a small one for smaller items. Remember to buy a lid that fits your container well. This feature can prevent unwanted spills from occurring. This feature can also help you see what’s inside the box without opening it. This feature is especially helpful when you need to find a certain item quickly.

Plastic storage bins are an excellent option for getting your drinks organized. Depending on your needs, these bins can save you time and money. Consider what you need to store and the size of your storage area, and then choose the appropriate bins. You’ll be surprised to find that you need a lot more storage space than you originally thought. In addition, plastic bins can make it easy to sort through your belongings and put them back in their place.

Plastic bins are durable and long-lasting. They protect your items from moisture and the elements, and they look good when stacked. However, plastic bins are more expensive than cardboard boxes and are often heavier when filled with items. If you can’t afford to buy plastic bins, you can rent them from a rental company. You may be able to find a better deal elsewhere, but this will be the most expensive option for most people.

Packaging sector warns 50% tariffs on steel and aluminum will drive up food costs


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President Donald Trump doubled steel and aluminum tariffs to 50% on Wednesday, a move packaging manufacturers warns will have ripple effects for the food industry.

Trump’s tariffs, which are not affected by last week’s court ruling blocking many levies, are intended to further protect the U.S. steel industry, Trump said Friday during a visit to a Pittsburgh steel factory to recognize Japan-based Nippon Steel’s pending acquisition of U.S. Steel.

But some groups say other U.S. businesses in metals supply chains will be harmed, with these businesses — and consumers — likely suffering consequences such as increased costs.

Association members “strongly oppose any action” that would raise steel and aluminum tariffs to 50%, said Can Manufacturers Institute President Robert Budway, in a statement. “Doubling the steel tariff will further increase the cost of canned goods at the grocery store. This cost is levied upon millions of American families relying on canned foods picked and packed by U.S. farmers, food producers, and can makers.” 

Following the 25% tariff announcement earlier this year, several metal packaging manufacturers, including Ball and Crown, expressed concern about increased costs from the duties and passing the hikes down to already price-stressed consumers. The duties also affect other metal packaging manufacturers, such as for caps and closures, foils and industrial steel drums.

The Aluminum Association said in an emailed statement Monday that it appreciates Trump’s “continued focus on strengthening the U.S. aluminum industry,” but these tariffs could have unintended consequences. Association members will continue working with the Trump administration to increase domestic production, said Matt Meenan, vice president of external affairs at the Aluminum Association. “However, aluminum and steel are different.”

“Tariffs alone will not increase U.S. primary aluminum production nor support the $10 billion invested by the mid-and-downstream industry over the past decade,” Meenan said. “We need significant new sources of reliable, low-cost electricity and an all-of-the-above policy approach to keep and collect more domestic aluminum scrap.” 

AA is in touch with the Trump administration to better understand the details of the levies, Meenan said. “We urge the administration to take a tailored approach that reserves high tariffs for bad actors — such as China — that flood the market and includes carve outs for proven partners — such as Canada. Doing so will ensure the U.S. economy has the access to the aluminum it needs to grow while we work with the administration to increase domestic production.”

CMI similarly seeks a more tailored approach, with Budway saying the stated plan “plays into the hands of China and other foreign canned food producers, which are more than happy to undercut American farmers and food producers.” This risks U.S. food security, Budway said. “We are asking President Trump for targeted tariff relief, on tin mill steel and aluminum produced by our allies and used in the production of cans that are made in America.”

Budway further explained that domestic tin mill steel producers made a “series of unfortunate decisions over the past eight years” that resulted in “dramatic cuts that have decreased U.S. production of the specialized steel used in can making by 75%.” Therefore, domestic can makers and canned food producers now import nearly 80% of tin mill steel from foreign trade partners, he said.

Meanwhile, foreign leaders are examining whether to implement countertariffs or other measures.

The European Commission “strongly” regrets the surprise doubling of tariffs, BBC reported. The commission said Monday that it will make a case this week for the United States to reduce or eliminate all announced tariffs, including those on steel and aluminum, Reuters reports. The EU previously imposed, and then suspended, countertariffs on $24 billion of U.S. imports due to the earlier metal duties.

Sarah Zimmerman contributed to this story.



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FNB News – Kraft Heinz announce ongoing evaluation of strategic transactions to unlock shareholder value


The Kraft Heinz company announced that the company’s board of directors and executive leadership team have been evaluating potential strategic transactions to unlock shareholder value.

Carlos Abrams-Rivera, CEO, Kraft Heinz, said, “At Kraft Heinz, our goal has always been to make high-quality, great-tasting food for all and to keep consumers at the forefront of all we do, enabling us to drive profitable long-term growth and value creation. Consistent with this goal, over the past several months we have been evaluating potential strategic transactions to unlock shareholder value. As we look to the future, we will continue to inspire and delight consumers with our iconic brands, fulfilling our mission.”

The company announced that Berkshire Hathaway Inc., has informed the company that consistent with its other non-controlled investments, it will no longer hold board seats. As such, Timothy Kenesey and Alicia Knapp have stepped down from the board due to their relationship with the brand. With these changes, the company has reduced the size of its board to ten members.

Miguel Patricio, chair of the board of Kraft Heinz, said, “On behalf of the Board, I’d like to thank Tim and Alicia for their commitment and contributions to Kraft Heinz over the years. We greatly value our strong history with Berkshire Hathaway and look forward to continuing our relationship.”



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The Weekly Sip: Red Hot Chili Peppers singer enters coffee | Aperol owner Campari debuts nonalcoholic spritz


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The Weekly Sip is Food Dive’s column focused on the latest news in the rapidly changing and growing beverage sector. From inaugural product lines to big investments and controversial topics, this column aims to quench the thirst for developments in the category.

Red Hot Chili Peppers leader enters coffee

The crowded coffee category has a new entrant from a prominent rockstar, with an aim to grow a following through sales at live music venues.

Anthony Kieidis, lead singer of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, and friend Shane Powers have launched the ready-to-drink coffee brand Jolene. Initially, the brand will offer two varieties of its canned coffee: black cold brew and white oat milk latte.

Investors in the brand include touring giant Live Nation, Global Brand Equities and the H.Wood Group. The beverages will be sold at Live Nation’s theaters in 23 states along with music festivals. Russell Wallach, global president of the touring company, said the products will fulfill the growing demand for cold brew at concerts, as it fits “the pace and energy of live music.”

Jolene touted its sourcing as a selling point, announcing that the brand is buying coffee beans from an all-female co-op in Peru.

“Shane shouted at me down the sidewalk ‘Let’s do something!’” Kiedis said in the press release. “I shouted back ‘how ‘bout coffee’? He said ‘done’. And so began the adventure of putting a high-quality spin on a can of coffee.”

In addition to concert venues, the coffee products are available on the brand’s website.

Beverages like coffee have provided fertile ground for celebrities looking for a side hustle to generate cash and grow their brand recognition outside entertainment. Last year, actor Robert Downey Jr. launched Happy, a line of coffee in ground and canned RTD formats.

 

crystal geyser

Optional Caption

Courtesy of CG Roxane

 

Bottled water maker hopes sales will sparkle with new seltzer

Crystal Geyser is hoping to translate its bottled water dominance into the seltzer category with a new sparkling water line.

 

CG Roxane, the brand’s owner, announced the launch of Crystal Geyser Sparkling Alpine Spring Water. The line arrives in five flavors: natural, cherry, lime, orange and lemon.

Charlotte de La Porte, vice president of marketing at CG Roxane, said in a statement that the drink is meant to “not only meet the evolving needs of our loyal customers but also attract new consumers who seek natural, quality beverage choices.”

The sparkling water is made with the spring water sourced from its facility in the mountains of New Hampshire. The brand also is promoting the sparkling water packaging as more sustainable than standard bottles of water, as it is made with 50% recycled PET plastic.

The sparkling water category, while still a popular alternative to sugary sodas, has slowed in recent years. Volumes of sparkling water dropped 4.9% and 3% in 2022 and 2023, according to the Beverage Marketing Corporation

Newer launches have struggled to keep up with established brands, such as La Croix and Polar. In 2023, Coca-Cola stopped distributing its Aha sparkling water after a sharp decline in sales.

Crystal Geyser’s sparkling water, however, could benefit from the brand’s wide reach. According to the company, its flagship still water is the #1 domestic nationally distributed bottled spring water in the U.S., citing Circana data.

 

campari

Optional Caption

Courtesy of Campari America

 

Campari pours nonalcoholic Italian spritzes for summer

Campari America, owner of Aperol, is capitalizing on the growing demand for spritz cocktails and nonalcoholic offerings as the weather gets warmer.

The beverage producer has launched Crodino, a nonalcoholic sparkling cocktail that was first launched in Italy in 1965. The drink has an “unmistakably bittersweet, bubbly flavor,” according to a release, and its ingredient profile includes clove, cardamom, nutmeg and coriander along with 10 additional spices and herbs.

Crodino is sold in four pack 5.95 fluid-ounce glass bottles. It will launch in select states, including California, Texas, Illinois and Maryland, before expanding into more markets.

“What’s been particularly exciting is how both consumers and our on-premise partners have embraced iconic Italian brands creating vibrant social experiences centered around the Spritz,” said Allison Varone, head of marketing for Campari America, in a statement.

Campari pointed to the growing popularity of alcohol-free drinks as a driving force behind the launch, referencing IWSR data in the press release that projected the category will be $5 billion by 2028.



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FNB News – Nestlé appoints Hamilton as CEO zone Americas


Nestlé’s board of directors has appointed Jeff Hamilton, currently business head of Purina PetCare zone Europe, as chief executive officer zone Americas and member of the group executive board, effective July 1, 2025.

After almost 30 years of service, Steve Presley, executive vice president and CEO zone Americas, will retire from the company.

Laurent Freixe, CEO Nestlé S.A., said, “We are very grateful to Steve for his many years of dedicated service to our company and extend our best wishes to him for his future endeavours. We are excited to announce that Jeff will become the new CEO of zone Americas. Jeff has consistently demonstrated exceptional performance and a remarkable ability to inspire and motivate his teams. We look forward to working with Jeff to drive our growth strategy in zone Americas.”

Hamilton began his career at Purina in US as a sales representative in 1991. Over the years, he has held various leadership positions, experiencing an international career across three zones. Hamilton was previously president and CEO of Nestlé Canada, president of Nestlé’s Foods Division in US, and vice president of marketing at Nestlé Purina Asia, Oceania and Africa. Since 2021, he has served as CEO of Purina PetCare zone Europe, based at Purina’s European headquarters in Switzerland.



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Leftovers: Dave’s Killer Bread slides into sandwich rolls | Warheads burst into sour fizz candy


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Leftovers is our look at a few of the product ideas popping up everywhere. Some are intriguing, some sound amazing and some are the kinds of ideas we would never dream of. We can’t write about everything that we get pitched, so here are some leftovers pulled from our inboxes.

Dave’s Killer Bread slides into summer with sandwich rolls

 

Ahead of Memorial Day and Fourth of July, Dave’s Killer Bread is unveiling new rolls to bring to the barbecue.

The brand introduced two sandwich roll varieties to its portfolio: Sandwich Rolls Done Right and 21 Whole Grains and Seeds. Both rolls contain 11 grams of protein per serving; the products also contain 10 and 16 grams of whole grains, respectively.

The products can be used in a variety of applications including hot dogs and sub sandwiches, according to Dave’s.

“This addition to our product family presents a unique opportunity to attract new consumers and energize existing fans for DKB,” Cristina Watson, senior brand manager at Dave’s, said in a statement.

Dave’s Killer Bread emerged in the 2010s as a healthier alternative to shelf stable breads. Its products do not contain corn syrup or artificial preservatives or flavors. The company is also known for hiring workers who were once incarcerated as part of its Second Chance Employment program.

Outside of bread, Dave’s is also working to grow its presence in the snacking category, including protein bars and snack bites.

Chris Casey

 

warheads

Optional Caption

Courtesy of Warheads

 

Warheads bursts into sour fizz candy

 

Impact Confections is blowing up the sour candy sector with its latest variation of Warheads, which contains a fizzy explosion in the center.

Warheads Atomic Fizz is a hard candy that dissolves into a fizz thanks to a combination of sodium bicarbonate mixed with acid. The candy comes in five flavors and is available in a reclosable plastic container at retailers nationwide. 

Even as consumers begin to shy away from sweets in favor of healthier snacks, the sour candy segment is seeing growing sales thanks to a combination of nostalgia and demand among younger consumers for more extreme taste experiences, according to the National Confectioners Association. Parents who grew up eating sour candy are making purchasing decisions for the next generation, giving the segment new life among Gen Z and Gen Alpha.

The Warheads launch is decidedly geared towards the younger generation, and includes an explosive digital marketing campaign. The brand will “blow up” its mascot, Wally, in “increasingly bigger and more entertaining ways” on TikTok and Instagram when it reaches key sales milestones, according to a release. 

“Eating Warheads Atomic Fizz takes you on a journey from the Extreme Sour coating, through the sweet fruity candy, ending with a fizzy explosion in the center,”Lindsay Karlin, vice president of marketing and development, said in a statement. “And we’re launching the product with a bang.”

 

A Sara Lee Half Loaf made by Bimbo Bakeries US

Optional Caption

Courtesy of Bimbo Bakeries US

 

Sara Lee slices the bread loaf in half

Bread maker Sara Lee is shrinking the venerable loaf of bread with its latest innovation.

The Bimbo Bakeries-owned brand is rolling out its new Sara Lee Half Loaf line aimed at consumers with smaller households, emphasizing portion control for individuals who want fresh bread without the waste. The offering comes in three flavors: White, Honey Butter and 9 Grain.

“At Sara Lee Bread, we understand that many customers in smaller households want to enjoy fresh, delicious bread without worrying about the waste,” Nick Pitone, senior brand manager at Sara Lee Bread, said in a statement. “With our new Half Loaves, we’re delivering just that – delicious, high-quality bread in a smaller, more convenient size.” 

The Sara Lee Bread Half Loaves are now available in major food retailers nationwide for a suggested retail price of $2.49.

As many consumers are looking to cut down on how much they eat, smaller portions have grown in popularity in categories such as soda, chips, candy and cookies. 

Increasingly, however, inflation has made smaller pack sizes attractive to shoppers who are looking to reduce their spending.

Christopher Doering

 



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FNB News – Syngenta and university tools help growers quantify 2025 fungicide impact


If there’s one thing growers are used to, it’s unpredictability, and 2025, is shaping up to keep them on their toes again. While states like Kentucky, Missouri and Tennessee recently experienced heavy rains and flooding, United States’ exit from the most recent La Niña weather pattern sets the stage for a warmer, drier summer. And while corn and soybean acres are predicted to increase in 2025, lower crop prices are expected to persist.

Tyler Harp, Syngenta technical product lead, said, “While there are many factors outside of a grower’s control, there are some proven ways they can maximise yield potential and get the most return from their crops. One of the best ways to preserve maximum yield potential is to make a proactive fungicide application to ward off yield-robbing diseases and boost plants’ ability to handle drought and other stressors.”

There are several tools available to help growers make informed decisions about fungicide applications. For corn, the Crop Protection Network’s Corn Fungicide ROI Calculator shares real-world results from university corn fungicide trials, allowing farmers to calculate the potential return on investment (ROI) for corn fungicide application across a variety of user-defined factors. One fungicide that consistently delivers superior ROI according to this calculator is Miravis Neo.

Additionally, the company announced the release of a new tool on BoostYourBushels.com to help growers evaluate the value of fungicides like Miravis Neo. The newest feature is a breakeven meter, designed to help growers answer the question, does it pay to use a fungicide? This latest website update adds more depth to a variety of tools designed to help growers make the most educated decisions for improving the overall health of their corn, soybean and wheat crops.

Logan Romines, Syngenta product lead, said, “Years of data have shown fungicides play a critical role in helping growers preserve their yield and profit potential, and with the breakeven meter, they can understand the results they may see on their own acres with the help of a Cleaner & Greener fungicide. Growers can input numbers from their own farms using real-world yield results, application and product costs, and today’s commodity prices to find the minimum yield increase they need to beat breakeven, as well as the potential ROI they could see using a Cleaner & Greener fungicide.”

The breakeven meter complements other tools such as the disease ID guide. Users can browse this guide to identify the diseases present in their fields and understand which threats may be prevalent in their region. The guide provides information that discusses the signs, symptoms and potential disease solutions to help with scouting and management. Users also have access to a catalogue of local Cleaner & Greener fungicide trial results.

Cleaner & Greener fungicides, powered by exclusive Adepidyn and Solatenol technologies, consistently protect growers’ maximum yield potential while helping provide maximum Roi in corn, soybean and wheat fields — no matter the season. Countless growers have experienced predictable Roi from Cleaner and Greener fungicides Miravis Ace, Miravis Neo, Miravis Top and Trivapro. Data from more than 700 trials show an 80%-win rate with growers seeing boosted profits year over year. Additionally, in ~30% of those winning scenarios, the yield results were 20 bu/A or more over the untreated check in corn.

“Understanding which fungicide works best in your field helps protect your bottom line, no matter what kind of weather we end up with this summer. By utilising our online tools and looking at data from their fields, growers can see for themselves the benefits of using Cleaner & Greener fungicides,” concluded Harp.



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Pabst debuts light beer for moderation-minded consumers


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Dive Brief:

  • Pabst Brewing debuted a light beer it hopes will fulfill consumer demand for lower-calorie brews with less alcohol. 
  • Pabst Light contains 96 calories and 4.2% alcohol by volume per can.
  • Kim Oakley, Pabst’s director, said in an interview the beer was created with a new formula compared to past light options the brand has introduced. The new Pabst Light provides a lighter alternative in the standard beer category with fewer calories, she said.

Dive Insight:

Pabst is typically associated with its classic Blue Ribbon, a staple of the lower-priced beer category at college parties and cookouts. Its latest offering signals a shift in this consumer group toward moderation.

Pabst chose to introduce a new formulation in the light beer category by using El Dorado hops, typically only found in craft beers, to offer a more robust taste profile, according to Oakley.

The company found through internal research that its consumers felt “boxed in” by stereotypes featured in the marketing of competing light beers.

“They’re basically saying, ‘Hey if you’re a suburban, goofy dad, then drink this beer. If you’re an athlete or runner, drink this beer,’” she said. “We don’t want to put the consumer in a box. We need a beer that somebody will be proud to be themselves while holding.”

The Pabst executive said the company believes its tradition and ethos revolves around being solely a beer brand. It has no desire to step into flavored beverages or RTD cocktails.

“The consumer is a little confused in terms of all these products now proliferating in what used to be just the beer aisle,” Oakley said. “Beer is still the most popular alcoholic beverage in the country, and we believe as a company that there are still ways to win within the beer category itself.”

Pabst is taking advantage of consumer trends at a pivotal moment for the beer category as people curb their alcohol intake and rein in spending. Major beer makers are leaning into their “mega brands” with high distribution and name identification to drive sales growth. Pabst also is leveraging a new supply chain agreement with Anheuser-Busch, announced earlier this year, to get its products to more retailers.

Other brewers have debuted lighter beer alternatives to keep up with category trends. Last fall, Molson Coors relaunched Miller High Life Light after previously discontinuing the offering in 2021.



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FNB News – Choline: Nutritional shield against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

















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Choline: Nutritional shield against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Wednesday, 26 March, 2025, 16 : 00 PM [IST]

Prarthana Sindhe, Roopa B Patil and Babu RM Ray

Have you ever heard of choline? While vitamins and minerals often steal the spotlight in discussions about nutrition, choline remains an underrated yet essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in our health. Recent research has uncovered its remarkable ability to prevent and manage Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)—a condition that is fast becoming a global health concern.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD (also referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, or MASLD) is a chronic condition that develops due to an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. It is usually seen in people who are overweight or obese. It is a heterogeneous disorder that encompasses a range of liver diseases with varying degrees of severity, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. NAFLD is the liver component of a cluster of conditions that are associated with metabolic dysfunction. NAFLD is defined by the presence of steatosis in more than 5% of hepatocytes in association with metabolic risk factors (particularly, obesity and type 2 diabetes) and in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption (=30 g per day for men and =20 g per day for women) or other chronic liver diseases.

The hallmark of NAFLD is hepatic steatosis, but the disease also encompasses non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterised by hepatic inflammation, hepatocyte damage, and fibrosis, highlighting the potentially progressive nature of the disease. The stage of hepatic fibrosis predicts both overall and liver-related mortality and is the strongest predictor of long-term clinical outcomes, with advanced fibrosis (stages 3 and 4) conveying the highest risk of mortality. In addition, metabolic dysfunctions such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease are all associated with hepatic steatosis and seem to be more related to hepatic fat accumulation and NAFLD than obesity status.

Prevalence:
NAFLD has rapidly become the most common liver disease globally and is currently estimated to affect 38% of the global population. According to a recent systemic review and meta-analysis, the global prevalence of NAFLD increased from 25.3% in 1990-2006 to 38.0% in 2016-2019. As the most common chronic liver disease in developed countries, NAFLD affects 20–30% of the general population, 50–70% of diabetic patients, and 90% of morbidly obese individuals. The prevalence of adult NAFLD in India has been reported between 6.7% to 55.1% in 2021. The prevalence of paediatric NAFLD in India varies from 7.3% to 22.4% in the healthy population. It is found to be higher among those with diabetes (55.5% –59.7%), overweight or obesity (64.6% –95%) and metabolic syndrome (73%). The prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome among adults in India is 19–22%, 15–19%, and 30%, respectively, and is increasing in both urban and rural areas. 

Causes of NAFLD:

  • Obesity can primarily cause NAFLD as excess adipose tissue increases free fatty acid (FFA) release to the liver.
  • Insulin resistance leads to increased lipolysis, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and fat accumulation.
  • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) as it impairs glucose metabolism and worsens liver fat buildup.
  • High triglycerides & low HDL cholesterol promote hepatic lipid overload leading to Dyslipidemia
  • High-Calorie Diets including excess sugar, refined carbs, and saturated fats promote lipogenesis.
  • Hypothyroidism reduces metabolism, increasing fat accumulation in the liver.
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance, increasing NAFLD risk.
  • Gut Dysbiosis alters short-chain fatty acid production and increases gut-derived endotoxins that trigger liver inflammation.
  • Sedentary lifestyle

Fatty liver is graded based on the amount of fat in the liver and the impact on liver health.

Table 1: Grades of NAFLD









Grade


%
of steatosis


Grade
0


No
steatosis


Grade
1


<
33 %


Grade
2


33-66
%


Grade
3


>
66 %

Common Symptoms:

  • Fatigue – Persistent tiredness or lack of energy
  • Discomfort or Pain – A dull ache or discomfort in the upper right abdomen
  • Unexplained Weight Loss – Some people may lose weight without trying
  • Weakness – General feeling of being unwell or weak

Importance of Choline in NAFLD
Choline is a constituent of cell and mitochondrial membranes and of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is a quaternary amine present in all mammalian tissues. It influences diverse processes such as lipid metabolism, signalling through lipid second messengers, methylation-dependent biosynthesis of molecules, activation of nuclear receptors, enterohepatic circulation of bile and cholesterol, plasma membrane fluidity and mitochondrial bioenergetics.

Choline is necessary to maintain normal liver function. It is involved in hepatic secretion of VLDL cholesterol, host–gut microbiota interactions and one-carbon metabolism, all of which underlie the pathogenesis of NAFLD. It is a precursor of phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Choline is an essential nutrient because its endogenous biosynthesis is generally not sufficient to meet human requirements.
Physicochemical Properties:

  • Molecular formula: C5H14NO?
  • Highly soluble in water due to its polar nature
  • Can degrade under high temperature or in the presence of strong acids or bases
  • Found in various dietary forms, including free choline, phosphatidylcholine and glycerophosphocholine

Biological Properties:

  • Choline is a precursor to phosphatidylcholine, a critical component of cell membranes and sphingomyelin, which is abundant in nerve tissues.
  • Involved in one-carbon metabolism, donating methyl groups for processes such as DNA methylation and neurotransmitter synthesis.
  • Plays a crucial role in fetal brain development during pregnancy and early childhood.

Functions of Choline:

  • Choline is necessary to maintain normal liver function. It is involved in hepatic secretion of VLDL cholesterol, host–gut microbiota interactions, and one-carbon metabolism
  • It is used to synthesise acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in muscle contraction, memory and neural development
  • It helps transport lipids from liver to the circulation via lipoproteins (acts as lipotropic agent)
  • Choline is involved in early development of the brain, gene expression, cell membrane signaling, and brain metabolism.
  • Choline is vital for neural tube closure during early fetal development, which occurs within the first few weeks of pregnancy. Neural tube defects (NTDs), such as spina bifida are serious birth defects that affect the spine and brain. Adequate choline intake has been linked to a reduced risk of NTDs
  • It helps maintain the structural integrity of cell membranes, which affects cell function, activity and size

Effects of Choline Deficiency and Toxicity
Deficiency:

  • Because of its wide-ranging role in human metabolism, from cell structure to neurotransmitter synthesis, choline deficiency can cause fatty liver, which increases cancer and cardiovascular disease risk.
  • It also decreases SAM production, which partakes in DNA methylation – this decrease may also contribute to carcinogenesis
  • Choline is in high demand during pregnancy as a substrate for building cellular membranes, raising choline stores in fetal and placental tissues, and for increased production of lipoproteins. Low maternal intake of choline is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects

Toxicity:

  • Excessive doses of choline can have adverse effects. Daily 8–20 g doses of choline, for example, have been found to cause low blood pressure, nausea, diarrhoea and fish-like body odour. The odour is due to trimethylamine (TMA) formed by the gut microbes from the unabsorbed choline.

Mechanisms of fat accumulation in the liver

“CD-36” is the primary protein responsible for the uptake of fatty acids from lipoproteins like VLDL, and to a lesser extent HDL, into cells. This process is facilitated by the interaction of CD-36 with the fatty acids within the lipoprotein, allowing the cell to absorb them for energy usage. The liver absorbs fatty acids (via CD36) and uses them to create cholesterol, phospholipids, and VLDL, which transport fats to other tissues. Cholesterol is also converted into bile acids for fat digestion. HDL brings cholesterol back to the liver, while LDL delivers it to tissues. The liver regulates lipid levels by recycling or excreting excess cholesterol.

  • HL (Hepatic lipase) is a factor in hepatic intracellular lipid homeostasis.
  • Lipids are taken up by the liver via several mechanisms.
  • Lipoprotein receptors mediate in the endocytosis of whole lipoproteins
  • HL modulate the binding of lipoproteins (e.g., chylomicron-remnants) to receptors, or stimulate the uptake of HDL-C (ester) directly, or facilitate selective uptake via SR-BI

Excess caloric intake plays a central role for inducing obesity and thus contributing to insulin resistance. Obesity may additionally impact fat accumulation in the liver by decreasing adiponectin levels (Adiponectin is a protein hormone that helps regulate glucose levels, fatty acid breakdown and reduce inflammation) and insulin resistance contributes to NAFLD directly by increasing de novo lipogenesis and indirectly by increasing FFA flux to the liver via decreased inhibition of lipolysis. In addition, excess dietary fat intake directly could also contribute to a causal role in hepatic steatosis.

TWO HIT HYPOTHESIS
Two Hit Hypothesis

  • First hit involves the accumulation of lipid in hepatocyte. The increase in lipid uptake, the increase in de novo synthesis of fat, the decrease in lipoprotein synthesis, or the decrease in fatty acid oxidation leads to lipid accumulation.
  • Second hit promotes liver cell damage and death, inflammation, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and production of extracellular matrix, eventually leading to fibrosis.

Accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes
When lipids accumulate excessively in the liver, it creates an imbalance, increasing the risk of developing NAFLD.

Heightened sensitivity to many factors
The liver has a heightened sensitivity to many previously inconsequential factors, including gut derived endotoxin, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress and subsequent lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Choline’s role in NAFLD prevention

  • Choline helps regulate several processes to counteract this accumulation and prevent NAFLD progression
  • Phospholipid balance: Choline is critical for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (a major component of cell membranes) through the enzyme PEMT (phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase). Proper phospholipid production helps maintain liver health by facilitating lipid export from the liver.
  • Methylation and Epigenetics: Choline acts as a methyl donor via SAM (S-adenosylmethionine), a key compound in methylation reactions. Methylation regulates gene expression (epigenetics), which helps maintain liver function and prevent damage.

Effect of choline deficiency

  • NAFLD: Without adequate choline, lipid accumulation worsens and the liver’s ability to export fat is impaired.
  • Hepatic fibrosis: Prolonged lipid accumulation and damage can lead to fibrosis (scarring of liver tissue), worsening the liver’s health.

Table 2: RDA of Choline








Men


550
mg/day


Women


425
mg/day


Pregnant


450
mg/day


Lactating


550
mg/day

Rich dietary sources of choline include organ meats, egg yolks, dairy products, peanuts, wheat, certain beans, nuts and seeds.

Conclusion
Choline is an essential yet often overlooked nutrient that plays a crucial role in preventing and managing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. NAFLD, a growing global health concern, is strongly linked to metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. Choline contributes to liver health by facilitating lipid metabolism, preventing fat accumulation, and regulating gene expression through methylation. A deficiency in choline impairs the liver’s ability to export fat, leading to increased risk of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and NAFLD progression. Given its importance, adequate dietary intake of choline, through sources such as eggs, dairy, organ meats and certain plant-based foods, is essential for maintaining liver function and overall metabolic health.

(Sindhe is PG scholar, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru; Patil is assistant professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru; Ray is assistant professor, College of Agricultural Engineering, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru. They can be reached at prarthanasindhe86729@gmail.com)



 
















































































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Mondelēz and Biscoff parent expand partnership into ice cream


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Dive Brief:

  • Mondelēz International and Biscoff maker Lotus Bakeries are expanding their partnership into ice cream. The companies are working with Froneri, which manufactures ice cream under license for Mondelēz and other companies, to produce Biscoff-branded frozen novelties.
  • Biscoff ice cream was launched in 2019 and today is sold in the U.S., U.K., and E.U. Working with Mondelēz partner Froneri will enable Lotus to expand Biscoff’s presence around the globe. Froneri will produce, market and sell Biscoff ice cream in several European countries starting in 2026, before gradually expanding into other areas. 
  • Mondelēz and Lotus announced last year they were partnering to develop chocolate products that combine the taste and texture of Biscoff with Mondelēz’s Cadbury, Milka and other chocolate brands. They’ve already launched a Cadbury chocolate bar with small pieces of Biscoff inside, and a Milka product is expected to follow later this year.

Dive Insight:

Mondelēz has moved aggressively in recent years to bring its cookie and chocolate brands into other categories such as cakes, pastries and ice cream. Froneri has had a license to manufacture ice cream products using several of Mondelēz’s brands, including Oreo, Milka and Toblerone, since 2011. 

The move into ice cream allows Mondelēz and Lotus to deepen their nascent partnership and have more products at their disposal to drive innovation. Lotus noted that the “success of Biscoff ice cream over the past years has strengthened our confidence in the potential to expand our ice-cream portfolio to a global scale.”

Dirk Van de Put, Mondelēz’s CEO, said in an interview when the deal was announced last June that Biscoff provided the Oreo maker exposure to a “unique” asset it didn’t already own. “It’s going to play a unique role in our portfolio. That’s why we were interested in doing this [partnership.]”

He noted at the time that the two companies planned to come up with other products “that will use the Biscoff brand in more creative ways than just having the filling in our chocolate.” 

Biscoff, for example, already sells ice cream bars coated in chocolate. Mondelēz and Lotus could easily introduce a version where the chocolate is replaced with Milka or Cadbury. The innovation would further premiumize the ice cream offering while providing additional exposure to the chocolate brands in the frozen section. 

“This collaboration will strengthen our position in the ice cream sector, enabling Biscoff to grow into a global ice-cream brand,” Jan Boone, CEO of Lotus Bakeries, said in a statement. “Moreover, introducing the Biscoff taste to ice cream consumers worldwide will further boost our brand awareness and the ability of our own organization to focus on Biscoff cookies and spread globally.”



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FNB News – Voluntary Recall of Wild Coast Raw Boneless Free Range Chicken Formula Raw Pet Food


Wild Coast LLC dba Wild Coast Raw of Olympia, WA, is recalling lots of frozen Boneless Free Range Chicken Formula raw pet food for cats because it has the potential to be contaminated with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 also known as bird flu. H5N1 can be transmitted to animals eating contaminated product.

The product, 16oz and 24oz frozen Boneless Free Range Chicken Formula raw pet food for cats was distributed to pet food retailers in Washington State and Oregon. The product is frozen in a small round white plastic container with a green label. The affected lots are identified by a sticker on the lid with a number of #22660, #22653, #22641, #22639, #22672 and #22664 with a Best Buy date of 12/25. The recall is widened to include any raw material sharing similar production dates and lot codes as #22660 and #22664. These two lot codes were included in the WSDA’s public health alert on 2/14.

People who fed pets the recalled products should watch for symptoms of bird flu in their pets, including fever, lethargy, low appetite, reddened or inflamed eyes, discharge from the eyes and nose, difficulty breathing, and neurological signs like tremors, stiff body movements, seizure, lack of coordination, or blindness. People with pets exhibiting these signs after feeding this product should contact their veterinarian.

While no human infections have been identified among people handling raw pet food products, people can become infected if the virus gets into a person’s eyes, nose, or mouth. People should wash their hands and handling the raw product and sanitise contact surfaces such as countertops, refrigerators, bowls, or utensils. People who handled contaminated products should watch for symptoms of bird flu, including eye redness or irritation (conjunctivitis), cough, sore throat, sneezing, runny/stuffy nose, muscle/body aches, headaches, fatigue, fever, trouble breathing, seizures, rash, diarrhea, nausea, and/or vomiting. People exhibiting these signs after having contact with this product should contact their healthcare provider and local health department.

The recall was initiated after sampling conducted by the Oregon Department of Agriculture revealed the presence of the same strain of H5N1 in the affected cats and these products as well as sampling by the Washington State Department of Agriculture. Wild Coast Raw and the Washington State Department of Agriculture continue to work collaboratively to address the source of the problem.

Do not sell or donate the recalled products. Do not feed the recalled product to pets or any other animals. Consumers who have purchased this product are urged to immediately and securely discard to prevent animals and wildlife from consuming the recalled product.



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